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D. S. HITCHCOCK. CAMERA SHUTTER.

No. 328,033. Patented Oct. 13, 1885.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

DAVID S. HITCHCOCK, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE HITCHCOCK SHUTTEE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

CAMERA-SHUTTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 328,033, dated October 13, 1885.

Application filed September 11, 1884. Serial No. 142,782. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern: Fig. 26 is the empty ease. Fig. 27 is a sec- Be it known that I, DAVID S. HITCHCOCK, tional view of shutter mechanism and the diaa citizen of the United States, residing at pragm mechanism combined.

Cleveland,Ohio, have inventeda new and use- To enable others skilled in the art to make 55 fulImprovement in Camera-Shutters,of which and use my invention, I herewith describe its the following` is a specication. construction and operation.

My invention relates to improvements in In Fig.1, g is a cup or case of metal orother cameras and other optical instruments for the suitable material about one-fourth inch deep, 'purpose of diaphragming and the exposure of circular in form, and of any required size to 6o ro the latent image; and the objects of myinvenfit the tube of the optical instrument. This tion are, iirst, to provide a practical shutter case has a close-fitting cover. Both case and mechanism for the exposure, both rapid and cover have the circular opening Z) of any reprolonged, of the latent image; second, to quired size, and slot m on side. The case g, provide a practical mechanism for convenient containing the shutter valves a a, is sub- 55 5 diaphragming of such instruments in connecstantially of the form and shape shown in Fig. tion with or separate from the shutter mech- 8. It is made of hard rubber or other anism. I attain these objects bythe mechansuitable material. The contact-faces n n are ism and devices illustrated in the accompanymade with tongue-and-groove edges,andthese ing drawings, in whichsimilar letters refer to faces and edges are made of soit rubber or 7o similar parts throughout the several views. other material suitable for making a perfect Sheet No. 1,Figure1 shows the shutter mechcontact to exclude all rays of light and to avoid anism when inclosed in the case with valves noisy concussion. The valves a aare pivoted closed. Fig. 2 shows sectional view of same. to the inside face of caseg by means of iixed Fig. 3 is the open case, showing mechanism pivots d d', on which the valves turn. e e are 75 z 5 with valves open. Fig. 4 is same with valves pins fixed Jfirmly to the under side of the valves closed. Fig. 5 is the movable plate with slots a a', and extend through the movable plate Z and lever. Fig. 6 is sectional view of same. and play in the earn-slots 7c 7c. Z is a movable Fig. 7, Sheet No. 2, is a perspective view of circular plate of thin metal or other suitable shutter mechanism attached to back end of material, of a size to iit the inside of casey, 8o camera. Fig. 8 is the shutter-valves. Fig. 9 and is made to revolve in the case g. Plate is sectional view of same. Fig. 10 is the Zis provided with a central circular opening empty case. Fig. 11 is a section of the atof same size and to correspond with opening tachment band and cap. Fig. 12 is a view of b in case f/ and its cover. Lever 'i is lirmly the band attachment. Fig. 13 is a view of fastened to plate Z atf by rivets or otherwise. 8 5 the let-off arm and safety-bar. Fig. 14 is a Plate Z is provided with two slots 7L 7i', of sectional view of spring and lever connection. form and location substantially as shown in Fig. 15 is a spring for holding the arm in Fig. 5, which slots allow plate Z to pass the place. Fig. 16 is a section of band, showing pivots Z ZZ. Plate Z is also provided with two the method of attaching to tube and tighten- V-shaped cam-slots, 7c 7c', as shown in Fig. 5, in 9o ing the band by means of a screw. Fig. 17 which cam-slots the pins@ c are made to play. is a perspective view of shutter mechanism The movement oi' lever z' from one end to attached to front of camera. the other of slot m in either direction opens Sheet No. 2, Fig. 1S shows the diaphragm and closes the valves a c. Now, lever Z' being in its case. Fig. 19 shows diaphragm mechat either end of slot m, the valves a a are 95 anism in open case. Fig. 20 is a sectional closed. By moving lever t' half the distance view of Fig. 18. Fig. 21 is a diaphragmof the slot m the valves a a are opened, and plate. Fig. 22 is a sectional view of two diaby continuing the movement of levert to either phragm-plates with collars and pinions. Fig. end of slot m the valves c a are closed.

23 is a face and sectional view of pinion. Fig. In Fig. 12 is shown the mechanism used to roc 5o 24 is a movable plate with lever and ratchetcontrol the working of lever i. This mechteeth. Fig. 25 is a sectional view of same. anism is fixed to band p p under and by cap c, Fig. 11. The sloty in the band ppand cap c is placed directly over slot m. z is a coiled spring iiXed to band p p and cap c at one end of slot m, and is provided with a loop attached to lever t', lever t' being at that end of slot m which is nearest to spring z. 1- is an arm attached by a pin to band p pnear the opposite end of slot m and at a suitable distance from lever t', and is provided with two notches or teeth for holding lever t'. s is asafety-bar attached to band p p on the top of arm rby the same pin, as shown in Fig. 13, and is provided with the button a, which passes through the slot j in cap c, projecting above cap c, which button is used for movingthe safety-bar s. o is a spring attached to band p p by a slotted screw, fu, and is used to hold arm 1' in position, as shown in Fig. 12. t t, Fig. 11i, are two nuts on cap c for adjusting the tension of spring z.

For prolonged exposure, throw the bar s over the arm r. This prevents lever i from being carried beyond the rst notch on arm r, and opens the valves a a. Theinwhen the exposure is sufficient, by pressing arm r the lever is released and returns to spring z, which closes the Valves a c. Vhen desired for instantaneous exposure, lever i is carried to the iirst notch from spring z to properly focus the image, then lever i is carried to second notch, which closes valves a a', and is then ready to let off. By pressing arm r the levert' is let oft" and returns to spring z, which causes the instantaneous openin g and closing ofthe valves a a.

In Fig. 18, C is a cup or case similar in material, size, and shape to cup or case g in Fig. 1, having a close-fitting cover and a central opening, B, in case and cover, as shown, with slot M on the side of the case. The diaphragmplates E F/ and F F are made'of thin metal, hard rubber, or other suitable material of a size suitable to the size of the case C, and of the shape and form substantially as shown in Fig. 2l. I do not limit my invention to the number of plates shown in the drawings. One or more can be used by making slight changes in the shape and form-of the several plates.

Each of the plates E E is provided with a raised collar of same material as the plate, or of other suitable material, of a thickness equal to that of the plate, and placed on the under side of theplatesEE, as shown in E in Fig. 22. This is for the purpose of allowing` the under faces of the plates E E to pass over the upper faces of plates F F when revolved. The plates F F are provided with like raised collars on the upper face of each, as shown at F in Fig. 22.

L in Fig. 21 is a pin fixed to the inside of case C. The plate E is attached to the inside of case C by means of pin L. Each of the other plates, E F F', are in like manner attached to inside of case C by means or" pins similar to L, and on these pins the plates E E F F, and pinionsG G G Gturn. Each of the plates E E F F is provided with a pinion, G, Fig.

23, iirmly fixed to the upper face of the plate, Fig. 22, for the purpose of revolving the plates.

D, Fig. 24, is a movable plate of thin metal or other suitable material of a size to iit the inside of case C, having a central opening provided with ratchet-teeth, as shown in the drawings. A is a lever iirmly iixcd to plate D by screwing itinto lugK, or in some other equivalent manner, and is used to operate plate D. The plate D is placed inside of case C over the plates E P F F, so that the ratchetteeth I I H II of the plate l) shall lit in the teeth of the pinions G G G G, and theleverAshall lit into the slot M. By using i'our plates, as shown in the drawings, four dil'lercnt-sizcd diaphragms can be formed. By moving the lever A backward or forward, as the position of the plates may require to form any one of the four sizes of diaphragms provided for, the plate is revolved, and this movement revolves the four plates simultaneously by means of the ratchet-teeth and pinions in such manner as to form any one desired diaphragm of the four provided for.

The shutter-valves c a with the above-described mechanism are so constructed that they may be used in the front, back, or center of a camera-tube or tube of other optical instruments.

The diaphragm-plates E E F F', with the l above described operating mechanism, are so constructed that they maybe operated in combination with the shutter-valves and mechanism, Fig. 27, and may be used separately or in such combination in front of or at the bbCk of or in the center of a camera-tube or other optical instrument, as may be desired.

Vhen it is desired to use the shutter nicchanism or the diaphragm mechanism, or both in combination, in the center of the tube of a camera or other optical instrument, a slot of the size required ior the mechanism must be cut in the tube.

Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a camera or other optical instrument, the combination of the shutter-valves aa', the movable plate Z, the lever t, the slots k 7s. and It h, and the case g, with its cover, or their equivalents, all arranged as and for the purposes substantially as described.

2. The shutter-valves a c', plate Z, lever i, slots 7c 7s and 7L It', and case g with its cover, and the attachment-band p p', the cap c, the arm r, the bar s, the spring` fa, the spring o, the screw o, the nuts t t', or their equivalent, all combined with the tube of a camera or other optical instrument, and arranged substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. The movable circular plate Z, of any size required, made of thin metal or other suitable material having a central opening of any required size, a lever or other device to move the plate, and slots 7L 7L k t, substantially as and for the purposes described.

4i. The diaphragm-plates E E F F, with ICO IOS

IIO

collars, the pinions G G G G, the plate D with ratchet-teeth I IH H, the lever A, the case C, and its cover, all arranged and combined substantially as and for the purposes described.

5. The diaphragm-plates E E F F', of any required size, made of thin metal or other suitable material having a raised collar and pin ion on the under or upper face of each, as may be required, to allor said plates to pass each other when revolved, arranged substantially as and for the purposes described.

6. rIWo or more diaphragm-plates, each having a raised collar and pinion, combined with a movable circular ratchet-plate of suitable size and material with circular opening, ratchet-teeth, and lever, arranged substantially as and for the purposes described.

DAVID S. HITCHCOCK.

Vitucsses:

HENRY S. SHERMAN, A. C. DUsTrN. 

